一、现在完成时态的结构及用法
现在完成时态(Present perfect Tense)是英语中常用的一种时态,用于表示过去发生的事情与现在的关系。它的结构是:助动词“have/has”+ 过去分词。
1、表示过去的经历或经验:
I have visited the Great Wall of China.
我曾经参观过中国的长城。
Have you ever tried sushi?
你曾经尝试过寿司吗?
She has lived in Paris for three years.
她在巴黎住了三年了。
2、表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态:
They have been friends since kindergarten.
他们从幼儿园就是朋友了。
He has worked at the company for five years.
他在公司工作了五年了。
We have known each other for a long time.
我们认识彼此很久了。
3、表示过去完成的动作,强调结果对现在造成的影响:
I have finished my homework, so I can go out now.
我已经完成了作业,所以现在可以出去了。
They have already booked the hotel for their vacation.
他们已经预订了度假酒店。
She has lost her phone, and now she can't contact anyone.
她丢了手机,现在无法联系任何人。
4、表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的经验或影响:
I have learned a lot from my mistakes.
我从错误中学到了很多。
He has become more confident after winning the competition.
他在赛事中取得胜利后变得更加自信。
The team has improved their performance since the new coach arrived.
自从新教练到来,团队的表现有所提高。
需要注意的是,现在完成时态通常与时间状语词如"ever, already, just, recently, lately"等连用,以强调与现在的关系。
二、现在完成时态的标志性词语
现在完成时态的标志性词语有很多,它们可以帮助我们确定句子所表达的动作或状态是发生在过去并与现在有关联的。以下是一些常见的现在完成时态的标志性词语:
1、ever 曾经
例句:
Have you ever been to Paris?
你曾经去过巴黎吗?
2、never 从未
例句:
I have never seen such a beautiful sunset before.
我以前从未见过如此美丽的日落。
3、already 已经
例句:
Have you already finished your homework?
你已经完成作业了吗?
4、just 刚刚
例句:
He has just arrived at the airport.
他刚刚到达机场。
5、recently 最近
例句:
I have recently started learning Spanish.
我最近开始学西班牙语。
6、lately 近来
例句:
She has been feeling tired lately.
她最近一直感到疲倦。
7、so far 到目前为止
例句:
We have had three meetings so far.
到目前为止,我们已经开了三次会议。
8、up to now到现在为止
例句:
Up to now, no one has found a solution.
到现在为止,还没有人找到解决办法。
9、recently 最近
例句:
Have you seen the news recently?
你最近看过新闻吗?
10、in the past/ in the last few years 在过去/ 最近几年
例句:
I have traveled to many countries in the past/ in the last few years.
在过去/ 最近几年,我去过很多国家。
这些标志性词语可以帮助我们确定句子所使用的时态,并加强现在完成时态的语义。在使用这些标志性词语时,我们需要注意适当的语境和句子结构,以确保句子的语法正确和意思清晰。